How to use statistics in textile industry
Basic Concept of Statistics:
The
word “Statistics” is very popular used in practice. It conveys a variety of
meanings to people many of which are inaccurate or at the very least,
misleading. The average person conceive of “Statistics” a column of figures,
zigzag graphs or tables like statistics of productions, imports, exports,
journals, divorces etc.
The
word statistics comes from Latin “Status” or Italian “Statista” or German
“Statistid”.the whord statistics refers either to quantive information or to a
method of dealing with quantive information
Definition of Statistics:
According
to R. A. Fisher, “The science of statistics is a branch of applied mathematics
and may be regarded as mathematics applied to observational data.”
According
to H. Secrist, ”By statistics we mean aggregate of facts affected to a market
extent by multiplicity of courses numerically expressed enumerated an estimated
according to reasonable standards of accuracy collected in a systematic placed
in relation to each other.”
Finally, we can say that
statistics is the use of data to help the decision maker reach better decision
Importance of Statistics:
It
helps in mankind. It assists in planning & administrative purposes. It also
helps in other science (physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, social science
etc). It helps in business purpose, industrial purposes and economical;
analysis.
Various Use of Statistics:
The
scope of statistics is so vast and ever-increasing that not only it is
difficult to define but also unwise to do so. The use of statistics permeated
almost every fact of our lives. There is hardly any field whether it can be
trade, industry, commerce, economy, biology, physics, chemistry where the
statistics tools are not applicable. The greatest victory of mankind of the 20th
century is that of landing of Apollo 11 on the moon, would not have been a
success in the absence of statistical help.
In
textile industry statistics is also applied.
Use of Statistics in Textile Industry:
Spinning
The statistics use in textile
sector is up to bottom. Specially for buying cotton, bale-management, using
dyeing chemical, make fabrics, make garments etc.
Statistics have
some chart which controls the production.
Example: X-Chart
Pie Chart
R Chart
Sigma Chart
First
we have to take the data of production quality into a table. From this data
X-Chart or Pie-Chart rule is to make chart by average. From this chart we can
understand the limitation of production quality. The charts have some limits.
They are:
UCL= Upper Control Limit
LCL= Lower Control Limit
CL= Central Line
In
this chart if the limit is exist in the UCL and LCL then limit is under
control. If it is out of limitation then it is
Dyeing
What is Dyeing?
Dyeing
means the coloring of the fabric by using chemical and all other materials.
Statistics
is not elaborately use in dyeing sector. But there is some special department
in dyeing sector where statistics is used. These departments are:
1)
Production Calculation
2)
Growth of new materials etc.
Theses
are the main department where statistics is used. Now we try to describe
briefly about the production calculation and growth of raw materials.
Production Calculation:
Industrial
production means produce product in unit time. The amount of production per
week, per month or per year is calculated by statistics. By this calculation we
can know about the production such as the production increasing, good or bad
production taking out of production. From this calculation we can undergo to a
desiccation that how we increase production, develop the quality of the
production by the use of statistics.
Growth of Raw Materials:
Growth
rate of raw materials means increasing or decreasing of buying raw materials.
The
production of a dyeing industry depends on the price of raw materials. When the
price is low there is use of statistical term by the industry. In this time
they increase their production. But when the price of raw materials is too high
then there is huge use of stats by the industry. For running the industry they
maintain a minimum production rate.
All
this maintenances are done by the help of statistics.
Apparel Manufacture
Garments:
The
main object of garments means finish the fabrics.
There are various uses of
statistics in garments. They are:
- The pattern done by the ideal measurement of man kind body.
- There is the use the mean measurement in the pattern.
- The body measurement of men is so variable by the help of statistics.
So, here we can make a decision
that what is the mean size is to be done used.
Textile testing
The
use of statistic can help in the sphere of textile testing. The use of
statistical methods enables us to extract the maximum amount of informamation
about the tested material from the available data and to use this in formation
for such purpose as quality control, mill investigation and research.
The
major use of statistics is in textile testing but unfortunately in textile
industry one of our problem is variation. Fiber in the same bale of cotton
varies in length and fineness.
Quality control
The object of quality control is to keep a check on the
quality of the product without 100% inspection. When statistical methods of
quality control are used, control charts prepared and in preparing these charts
range plays very important role. The idea basically is that if the range – the
difference between the largest and smallest mass produce items-increase beyond
a certain point, the production machinery should be examined to find out why
the items of production have not followed their usual more consistent pattern.
Limitation of statistics
Despite the use fullness of statistics in many fields.
Impression shouldn’t be carried that statistics
One live magical device which always provides the correct
solution of problems unless the data are properly collected and critically
interpreted there is every live hood of drawing wrong conclusions.
Therefore, it is also necessary to know the following are
the important limitations of the science of statistics
*It represented only numerically not in quality
*It can, t give discussion only individually matter
Gives all parts together it is times in long timely and average.
#in special case, gives incorrect result. Possibility of
getting fault result if should
Be worked with carefully it is a only scientific method by
which can be reached to decision.
Finishing:
The use of
fullness of statistics to the reader depends to great extent on his utility to
us his imagination in applying the various statistical tools to his own
particular
Textile in medical sector
Content
Topic page
Introduction:
02
Why
textile implants?
02
The
major requirements for biomedical polymers:
02
Element
of Medical Textile products:-
03
The
various applications of different fibre in medical field are shown as
follows: 04
Medical
textiles can be classified as follows:
04
Various
types of Medical
Textile
product 05-07
Consumption
of different categories of medical textiles: 08
Conclusion:
08
Reference:
09
Introduction:
-
Combination
of textile technology and medical sciences has resulted into a new
field or product is called medical textiles. New areas of application
for medical textiles have been identified with the development of new
fibers and manufacturing technologies for yarns and fabrics.
Development in the field of textiles, either natural or manmade
textiles, normally aimed at how they enhance the comfort to the
users. Development of medical textiles can be considered as one such
development, which is really meant for converting the painful days of
patients into the comfortable days.
Why
textile implants?
Biocompatible materials
Material combinations
2D- and 3D-structures
Mechanical characteristic
adapted to the
Environment
Adjustable macroscopic
structure
Specific surface design
The
major requirements for biomedical polymers:
Non toxicity
Nonallergenic response
The ability to be
sterilized
Mechanical properties
Strength
Elasticity
Durability
Element of Medical
Textile products:-
The
various applications of different fibre in medical field are shown as
follows:
|
Sr
No.
|
Fibre
|
Application
in medical field
|
|
1
|
Cotton
|
Surgical
clothing gowns, Beddings, Sheets, Pillow cover, Uniforms, Surgical
hosiery
|
|
2
|
Viscose
|
Caps,
Masks, Wipes
|
|
3
|
Polyester
|
Gowns,
Masks, Surgical cover drapes, Blankets, Coverstock
|
|
4
|
Polyamide
|
Surgical
hosiery
|
|
5
|
Polypropylene
|
Protective
clothing
|
|
6
|
Polyethylene
|
Surgical
covers, Drapes
|
|
7
|
Glass
|
Caps
mask
|
Medical
textiles can be classified as follows:
Various
types of Medical
Textile
product:
Sanitary
napkins:
Sanitary
napkins are absorbent disposable single use products designed to
receive, absorb and retain body fluids. In the sanitary napkins,
non-woven is generally used which is normally made up of
polypropylene. However, a combination of viscose and polypropylene is
also gaining acceptance. Some of the premium brands of sanitary
napkins have also started using plastic films instead of non-woven.
Incontinence
diapers:
Incontinence
diapers are absorbent, disposable single use product designed to
receive, absorb and retain body fluids. The use of incontinence
diapers is hygienic as the diapers prevent fungal infection of the
skin since the aggressive substance present in the urine does not
come in contact with the skin.
The
diapers are made up of cellulose and super absorbent materials and
cotton having polyester sheet covering.
Baby
diapers:
Baby
diapers also come under the disposable category and the properties
required in diapers are liquid strike through, liquid acquisition,
liquid distribution, liquid storage, liquid barrier, surface dryness
etc.
Surgical
dressings:
Surgical
dressings include wound care products and bandages. Wound care
products include wound contact layer / absorbent pad / base material
/ nonadherent dressings / perforated films, while bandages include
inelastic bandages /elastic bandages / light support bandages /
orthopedic cushion bandages / plasters /waddings / guazes / lint.
Sutures:
Sutures
are the simplest example of a textile bio-medical device. Sutures are
used for wound closure to close cuts and incisions and thus prevent
infection and are an integral part of all operations. In fact no
surgery can be performed without the sutures. Absorbable sutures are
ideal for wounds inside the body as they dissolve and get absorbed
into the body after the operation.
Medical
implants and devices:
Medical
implants and devices cover items like cardiovascular implants
(vascular grafts, heart valves etc.), soft tissue implants
(artificial tendon, artificial skin, artificial ligament, artificial
cornea etc.), orthopedic implants (artificial joints) and extra
corporeal devices (artificial kidney, artificial liver, mechanical
lung, artificial heart etc.).
Vascular
grafts:
Vascular
grafts are used to treat hindrances to blood flow caused by vascular
and other diseases. A vascular graft replaces the damaged artery or
creates a new artery in order to increase blood flow.
The
vascular grafts are sterile and single patient use only. They are of
following types: Polyester
grafts -
used to repair thoracic and abdominal occluded arteries, Dacron
grafts -
for aortic surgeries and polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) grafts -
to repair occluded arteries and veins in the hands and feet and for
dialysis treatment of chronic renal failure patients.
Heart
valves:
The
heart valves assist cardio-thoracic surgeons in treating valvular
diseases. The heart valves are of two types, such as mechanical
valves and tissue valves.
Artificial
tendon (Mesh):
The
composite meshes made up of polyester, polypropylene and polyester /
carbon fibre are used for repairing hernia.
Artificial
joints:
The
artificial joints are made of stainless steel, chromium cobalt,
titanium or some other inert material. The textile material present
in the joints is Ultra High Molecular Weight HDPE (UHMWHDPE).
Artificial joints are covered under BIS No. IS : 5810. The imports of
artificial joints have been from Germany, France, Switzerland, USA
etc.
Artificial
kidney:
Artificial
kidney consists of a semi-permeable membrane, on one side of which
blood passes while a special dialysate solution is passed along the
other. The artificial kidney is made of polyacetate and polysulphone
in equal proportions.
Hospital
ward:
This
includes beddings, clothing, mattresses covers, incontinence
products, clothes and wipes.e.g. In hospital cross infection should
be prevented and hence traditional woolen blankets replaced by cotton
leno woven blankets.
Incontinence
products for patients are available in both diaper and flat sheet
forms with later used for bedding. Cloths and wipes are made from
tissue paper or nonwoven bonded fabrics, which may be soaked with an
antiseptic finish.
Non-implantable
materials:
These
materials used for external applications on the body and may or may
not make contact with skin. They are made from co-polymer of two α
amino acids.This includes wound care, bandages, plasters, pressure
garments, orthopaedic belts etc.
Surgical
dressing:-
These
are employed as coverings, adsorbent, protective and supports for
injured or diseased part. They are different types-
Primary wound dressing
Absorbent
Bandages
Protective
Adhesive tapes
Bandages:
These
are narrow cotton or linen, plain weave cloth of low texture, either
woven or knitted. There are different types-
Cotton and rubber elastic
net bandages- for sprains and strains
Cotton rubber elastic net
bandages- net fabric of lace construction.
Plaster of Paris
bandages- cotton cloth is impregnated with a mixture of calcium
sulphate
Orthopedic cushion
bandages.
Crepe bandage- elastic in
nature due to special weave allows it to stretch twice its length.
Protective
eye pad:
Scientifically
shaped to lit over the eye used in outpatient clinic and industrial
department.
Adhesive
tapes:
It
is narrow, plain weave fabric having a coating of adhesive paste. It
is used with other pads to conform them on the injury.
Consumption
of different categories of medical textiles:
|
SR
|
Medical
Textile Product
|
Market
potential (Rs Mn)
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
2010
|
|
1
|
Sanitary
Napkins
|
4819
|
8519
|
|
2
|
Incontinence
diapers
|
605
|
1070
|
|
3
|
Surgical
dressing
|
5828
|
10302
|
|
4
|
Health
care textiles
|
1491
|
2635
|
|
5
|
Sutures
|
3160
|
5587
|
|
6
|
Medical
devices & Implants
|
1190
|
2104
|
Conclusion:
Textiles
are more and more developing into high-tech products with interesting
changes in the market. Medical Textile Competence Centers should be
established to make the most of knowledge, expertise with medical
researchers, microbiologists, physiologists and textile scientists.
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